Genç Yetişkin Kadınlarda COVID-19’un Neden Olduğu Baba Kaybı Deneyiminin Yorumlayıcı Fenomenolojik Yöntem ile Analizi
Özet
Bu bölümde, 20-30 yaş arası genç kadın yetişkinlerin COVID-19 nedeniyle baba kaybı deneyimi incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, bireysel deneyimlere dair derinlemesine bir anlayış geliştirmek amacıyla nitel bir yöntem olan Yorumlayıcı Fenomenolojik Analiz (YFA) kullanılmıştır. Yedi katılımcı ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş, bunlardan ikisi çevrimiçi, beşi ise yüz yüze yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda yedi ana tema ortaya çıkmıştır: COVID-19 epidemisinde veda edememe, belirsizliğin neden olduğu duygular, belirsizliğin neden olduğu duygularla baş etme yöntemleri, COVID-19 nedeniyle baba kaybı, COVID-19'un yas sürecine etkisi, kayıpla ilişkili oluşan duygular, ve yas sürecini kolaylaştıran faktörlerdir. Bulgular, COVID-19 pandemisinin yarattığı sosyal değişimlerin (karantina ve sosyal izolasyon gibi) yas sürecini nasıl etkilediğine ışık tutmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmanın sonuçları, mevcut literatür bağlamında ele alınmış ve klinik yansımalar tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışma, pandemi koşullarında baba kaybı yaşayan genç kadınların yaşantılarına dair anlamlı bir içgörü sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.
This chapter examines the experiences of young adult women (aged 20–30) who lost their fathers due to COVID-19. To develop an in-depth understanding of their experiences, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was employed as a qualitative research method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven participants—two held online due to pandemic restrictions and five in person. The analysis revealed seven main themes: the impossibility to say goodbye in the COVID-19 pandemic, emotions caused by uncertainty, methods of coping with emotions caused by uncertainty, losing the father due to COVID-19, the impact of the COVID-19 on the grieving process, emotions associated with loss, factors facilitating the grieving process. The findings highlight how the social changes brought by the pandemic—such as quarantine and social isolation—affected the mourning experience. The results were interpreted within the framework of existing literature, and clinical implications were discussed. This study aims to offer valuable insight into the grief experiences of young women who lost their fathers under pandemic conditions.
Referanslar
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Çubuk, B. (2020). Covid-19 ile Gelen Kayıp Nesne, Yas ve Depresyon. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(21), 90-99.
Didin, M., Yavuz, B., & Gezgin Yazıcı, H. (2022). Covid-19’un öğrencilerin stres, Anksiyete, Depresyon, Korku Düzeylerine Etkisi: Sistematik Derleme. Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar-Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 14(1), 38-45. doi:10.18863/pgy.931572
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Engel, G. L. (1961). Is grief a disease? Psychosomatic Medicine, 23(1), 18–22. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-196101000-00002
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Fischer, C. T. (2009). Bracketing in qualitative research: Conceptual and practical matters. Psychotherapy Research, 19(4-5), 583-590. doi:10.1080/10503300902798375
Flick, U. (2007). Designing qualitative research. London: Sage.
Freud, S. (1961). Mourning and melancholia. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud. London, England: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1917).
Gabay, G., & Tarabeih, M. (2022). Death from covid-19, Muslim death rituals and disenfranchised grief – a patient-centered care perspective. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying. doi:10.1177/00302228221095717
Gearing, R. E. (2004). Bracketing in research: A typology. Qualitative Health Research, 14(10), 1429-1452. doi:10.1177/1049732304270394
Glad, K. A., Stensland, S., Czajkowski, N. O., Boelen, P. A., & Dyb, G. (2022). The longitudinal association between symptoms of posttraumatic stress and complicated grief: A random intercepts cross-lag analysis. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(3), 386–392. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001087
Gorer, G. (1965) Death grief and mourning. Cresset, London.
Granek, L. (2010). Grief as pathology: The evolution of grief theory in psychology from Freud to the present. History of Psychology, 13(1), 46-73. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016991
Hall, C. (2014). Bereavement theory: recent developments in our understanding of grief and bereavement. Bereavement Care, 33(1), 7-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/0268262 1.2014.902610
Haas, J. G. (2021). Covid-19 and psychology: People and society in times of pandemic. S.l.: Nielsen Bookdata
Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and time. New York: Harper & Row.
Hernández‐Fernández, C., & Meneses‐Falcón, C. (2021). I can’t believe they are dead. death and mourning in the absence of goodbyes during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Health & Social Care in the Community, 30(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13530
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Kauffman, J. (1994). Mourning and mental retardation. Death Studies, 18(3), 257– 271. https:// doi.org/10.1080/07481189408252658
Keser, E., Ar-Karci, Y., & Danışman, I. G. (2022). Examining the basic assumption of psychoanalytic theory regarding normal and abnormal grief: Roles of unfinished businesses and bereavement related guilt. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying, 90(2), 783–804. https://doi.org/10.1177/00302228221111946
Klein, M. (1940). Mourning and its relation to manic-depressive states. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 21, 125–153.
Kübler-Ross, E., & Kessler, D. (2005). On Grief and Grieving: Finding the Meaning of Grief Through the Five Stages of Loss. New York, USA: Scribner.
Leader, D. (2008). The New Black: Mourning, melancholia and Depression. London, England: Penguin.
Lim, X. Y., Yap, A. C., Mahendran, R., & Yu, J. (2021). The interplay between anxiety, fear, protective behaviors, compassion, and resilience among older adults during a COVID-19 lockdown: A structural equation modeling study. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 11(5), 1172-1178. doi:10.1093/tbm/ibaa143
Maciejewski, P. K., Zhang, B., Block, S. D., & Prigerson, H. G. (2007). An Empirical Examination of the Stage Theory of Grief. JAMA, 297(7), 716. doi:10.1001/jama.297.7.716
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14 Ağustos 2025
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