Göç ve Ruh Sağlığı Sorunları
Synopsis
Bütün dünyada tarih boyunca göçler gerçekleşmiştir ve hangi nedenle olursa olsun göç bütün toplumları önemli derecede etkilemektedir. Bir kişinin gönüllü veya zorunlu olarak göç etmesi, göç öncesi, göç sırası ve göç sonrasında yaşadığı travmaları ve karşılaştığı zorlukları beraberinde getirebilir. Yaşanan bu süreç, yeni bir çevreye uyum sağlama, yabancı olma ve yalnızlık gibi faktörlerin etkisiyle çeşitli ruhsal sorunlara yol açabilir. Ayrıca ruh sağlığı stres, genetik yatkınlık ve yetersiz baş etme becerileri gibi risk faktörlerinin etkisi altında kalabilir. Göç eden bireylerde en çok depresyon, stres, intihar, post travmatik stres bozukluğu gibi ruh sağlığı sorunları görülmektedir. Görülen ruh sağlığı sorunlarının en aza indirilmesi adına disiplinlerarası bir yaklaşım sergilenmelidir. Göçmenlerle iletişimin sağlanması göç ettiği ülkede oluşturduğu bağı kolaylaştıracaktır. Bunun yanı sıra, bireylerin yardım talep etmesini engelleyen mahremiyet kaygıları, güvensizlik, damgalama, düşük ruh sağlığı okuryazarlığı, dil bariyerleri, lojistik sorunlar ve kültürel farklılıklar gibi engellerin en aza indirilmesi önemlidir. Bu sayede, ruhsal sorunların erken dönemde tespit edilmesi ve gerekli tedavinin sağlanması mümkün olacaktır.
References
https://sozluk.gov.tr/ Erişim tarihi (30.11.2024)
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Aydoğan S., Metintaş S. Türkiye’ye Gelen Dış Göç Ve Sağlığa Etkileri. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2017;2(2), 37-45.
Çappar Y., Dönmez A. Göçmenlerde Oluşabilecek Riskler Ve Buna Yönelik Toplum Ruh Sağlığı Hemşiresinin Görevleri. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dersgisi, 2024;40(1), 147-153. https://doi.org/10.53490/egehemsire.1071113
Türkoğlu O. Mülteciler ve Ulusal/Uluslararası Güvenlik. Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 2011; Cilt XXX Sayı 2.
Dil S., Yıldırım T. Göç ve Ruh Sağlığı. Ünsal G., Avcı D., Duran S. (Ed) Toplum Ruh Sağlığı Hemşireliği El Kitabı içinde. Akademisyen Kitabevi; 2023. p. 141-160
Baş, M., Molu, B., Tuna, H. İ., Baş, İ. Göç eden ailelerin sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik değişiminin kadın ve çocuk yaşamına etkisi. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2017;6 (3), 1680-1693. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/itobiad/issue/30065/309437
Gadeberg AK, Montgomery E, Frederiksen HW, Norredam M. Assessing trauma and mental health in refugee children and youth: a systematic review of validated screening and measurement tools. Eur J Public Health. 2017;27(3):439-446. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckx034
Sangalang CC, Becerra D, Mitchell FM, Lechuga-Peña S, Lopez K, Kim I. Trauma, Post-Migration Stress, and Mental Health: A Comparative Analysis of Refugees and Immigrants in the United States. J Immigr Minor Health. 2019;21(5):909-919. doi:10.1007/s10903-018-0826-2
Beşer A., Tekkaş Kerman K. Göç Eden Bireylerin Öncelikli Sağlık Sorunları ve Sağlık Hizmetine Ulaşımdaki Engeller. Turkiye Klinikleri J Public Health Nurs-Special Topics. 2017;3(3):143-8
Sher L. Amodel Of Suıcıdal Behavıor Among Immıgrants Wıth Psychıatrıc Dısorders. Leo Sher, Alexander Vılens (Eds). Psychıatry – Theory, Applıcatıons And Treatments Immıgratıon And Mental Health: Stress, Psychıatrıc Dısorders And Suıcıdal Behavıor Among Immıgrants And Refugees inside. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. p. 1-8. New York 2010. ISBN 978-1-61324-748-8 (eBook)
Uluslararası Göç Hukuku Göç Terimleri Sözlüğü. https://www.goc.gov.tr/kurumlar/goc.gov.tr/files/goc_terimleri_sozlugu(1).pdf Erişim tarihi (01.12.2024)
Çelik F. İç Göçlerin İtici ve Çekici Güçler Yaklaşımı ile Analizi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2006; doi: 10.18070/EUIIBFD.64962
Aksoy Z. Uluslararası Göç ve Kültürlerarası İletişim. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2012; Cilt:5, Sayı:20, S.293-303.
Şahin İ, Düzgün O. Türkiye’ye Gerçekleştirilen Ortadoğu Kaynaklı Zorunlu Göçlerin Sosyo-Ekonomik Etkileri:1979-2014 Arası. Tesam Akademi Dergisi. 2015;2 (2). 167 – 195
Türkiye Göç ve İnsan Hareketlilikleri Yıllık Raporu- 2021. https://aybu.edu.tr/GetFile?id=1c168fe4-c95c-447f-b3eb-8ab7d312794c.pdf Erişim tarihi (01.12.2024)
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Bas-Sarmiento P, Saucedo-Moreno MJ, Fernández-Gutiérrez M, Poza-Méndez M. Mental Health in Immigrants Versus Native Population: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2017;31(1):111-121. doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2016.07.014
Williams DR, Haile R, González HM, Neighbors H, Baser R, Jackson JS. The mental health of Black Caribbean immigrants: results from the National Survey of American Life. Am J Public Health. 2007;97(1):52-59. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.088211
Collazos, F., Qureshi, A., Antonin, M., & Tomás-Sábado, J. Estrés aculturativo y salud mental en la población inmigrante. [Acculturation stress and mental health in the immigrant population]. Papeles del Psicólogo, 2008,29, 307-315.
Guruge S, Butt H. A scoping review of mental health issues and concerns among immigrant and refugee youth in Canada: Looking back, moving forward. Can J Public Health. 2015;106(2):e72-e78. Published 2015 Feb 3. doi:10.17269/cjph.106.4588
Giammusso I, Casadei F, Catania N, et al. Immigrants Psychopathology: Emerging Phenomena and Adaptation of Mental Health Care Setting by Native Language. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2018;14:312-322. Published 2018 Oct 30. doi:10.2174/1745017901814010312
Pumariega AJ, Rothe E, Pumariega JB. Mental health of immigrants and refugees. Community Ment Health J 2005;41(5):581–97.
O’Mahony JM, Donnelly TT. The influence of culture on immigrant women’s mental health care experiences from the perspectives of health care providers. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2007;28(5):453–71.
Ayers J.W., Althouse B.M., Allem J.P., Rosenquist J.N., Ford D.E. Seasonality in seeking mental health information on Google. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2013;44(5):520–525. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.01.012.
Lee J., Hong J., Zhou Y., Robles G. The relationships between loneliness, social support, and resilience among Latinx immigrants in the United States. Clinical Social Work Journal. 2020;48:99–109. doi: 10.1007/s10615-019-00728-w.
Nieri T, Ramachandran M, Bruckner T, Link B, Ayón C. Sanctuary city policies and Latinx immigrant mental health in California. SSM Popul Health. 2022;21:101319. Published 2022 Dec 20. doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101319
Kim, Miyong T., Hae-Ra Han, Hye Sook Shin, Kim B. Kim, and Hochang B. Lee. “Factors Associated with Depression Experience of Immigrant Populations: A Study of Korean Immigrants.” Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2005;19: 217-225.
Odera L. Kenyan Immigrant in the United States : Acculturation, Coping Strategies, and Mental Health, Steven J. Gold, Rubén G. Rumbaut. (Eds). The New Americans Recent Immigration and American Society A Series from LFB Scholarly. LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC, El Paso 2010. ProQuest Ebook Central ISBN 978-1-59332-413-1
Brown SC, Mason CA, Spokane AR, Cruza-Guet MC, Lopez B, Szapocznik J. The relationship of neighborhood climate to perceived social support and mental health in older Hispanic immigrants in Miami, Florida. J Aging Health. 2009;21(3):431-459. doi:10.1177/0898264308328976
Khatib HE, Alyafei A, Shaikh M. Understanding experiences of mental health help-seeking in Arab populations around the world: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):324. Published 2023 May 9. doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04827-4
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January 22, 2025
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