Gebelikte Üriner Sisteminin Cerrahi Hastalıkları
Synopsis
Gebe hastalarda, üriner sistemin cerrahi hastalıklarının başında ürolitiyazis, nadir olarak da böbrek ve mesane kanserleri gelmektedir. Bu bölümde, üriner sisteminin yapısı ve fonksiyonları, hastalıkların tanımı, klinik belirti ve bulguları, etyolojisi ve patofizyolojisi, tanı testleri, komplikasyonları, cerrahi tedaviler ve ebelik-hemşirelik bakımı yer almaktadır.
References
Faris M, Al-Mukhtar S, Ibrahim RH. Anatomy of the urinary system physiology. Stanford Children’s Health. 2020. Available from: https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/es/topic/default?id=anatomyoftheurinarysystem-85-P04568
Treuting PM, Kowalewska J. Urinary system. In: Treuting PM, Dintzis SM, editors. Comparative Anatomy and Histology. Academic Press; 2012. p. 229–251.
Amerman E. The urinary system. In: Human Anatomy & Physiology. Chapter 24, pp. 941–976. Pearson. Available from: https://www.pearson.com/content/dam/one-dot-com/one-dot-com/us/en/higher-ed/en/products-services/course-products/amerman-1e-info/pdf/amerman-sample-chapter24.pdf
National Institutes of Health. Kidneys. In: SEER Training Modules. National Cancer Institute. Available from: https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/urinary/components/kidney.html
John A. Burns School of Medicine - Department of Anatomy. Kidney cysts. XRCore, University of Hawaii. Available from: https://xrcore.jabsom.hawaii.edu/kidney-cysts-2/
Ateş K, Seçkiner İ, Demirel HC, Şenel S, Sandıkçı F. Güncel üroloji. 3rd ed. İstanbul: Pelikan Basım Matbaa; 2022. (Türk Üroloji Akademisi Yayını, No. 25). Available from: https://www.uroturk.org.tr/urolojiData/Books/936/guncel-uroloji-3-baski.pdf
Megha R, Wehrle CJ, Kashyap S, Leslie SW. Anatomy, abdomen and pelvis: Adrenal glands (suprarenal glands). In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 [cited 2022]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482264
Shermadou ES, Rahman S, Leslie SW. Anatomy, abdomen and pelvis: Bladder. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Available from: https://europepmc.org/article/NBK/nbk531465
Mahadevan V. Anatomy of the lower urinary tract. Surgery-Oxford International Edition. 2016;34(7):318–25. doi:10.1016/j.mpsur.2016.04.001
Bazira PJ. Anatomy of the lower urinary tract. Surgery-Oxford International Edition. 2022;40(8):489–500. doi:10.1016/j.mpsur.2022.05.007
Treuting PM, Kowalewska J. Urinary system. In: Comparative Anatomy and Histology. Academic Press; 2012. p. 229–51. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-381361-9.00016-0
Rayner HC, et al. Kidney anatomy and physiology: The basis of clinical nephrology. In: Understanding Kidney Diseases. Springer; 2016. p. 1–10. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23458-8_1
Dirks J, Remuzzi G, Horton S, Schieppati A, Rizvi SAH. Diseases of the kidney and the urinary system. In: Jamison DT, et al., editors. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd ed. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2006. PMID: 21250363
Arınsoy T, Güngör Ö, Koçyiğit İ. Böbrek fizyopatolojisi. İstanbul: Reaktif; 2017. Available from: https://nefroloji.org.tr/uploads/folders/file/bobrek-fizyopatolojisi-kitabi.pdf
Topuz A, Topuz İ. Böbrek hastalıkları semptomlarının analizi. In: Sağlık Bilimlerinde Yenilikçi Çalışmalar. İzmir: Duvar Kitabevi; 2023. p. 1207–23.
Pearson Higher Education. Diseases and disorders of the urinary system. In: Human Anatomy & Physiology. Sample chapter. Available from: https://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/samplechapter/0/1/3/3/0133494934.pdf
Taylor J. Renal system 4: Causes, diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease. Nursing Times. 2023;119(5):1–6. Available from: https://emap-moon-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/04/230424-Renal-system-4-causes-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-chronic-kidney-disease.pdf
Kurt Yılmaz F. Üriner sistem hastalıkları. In: Anne ve Çocuk Sağlığı. İstanbul: İstanbul Medikal Sağlık ve Yayıncılık Hizmetleri Tic. Ltd. Şti.; 2020. p. 407–16.
Aggrawal M, et al. Urinary tract infection in pregnancy. Indian Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2024;14(1).
White J, Ory J, Lantz Powers AG, et al. Urological issues in pregnancy: A review for urologists. Canadian Urological Association journal. 2020;14(10):352-357. doi:10.5489/cuaj.6526.
Koçak Yücel S. Böbrek biyopsi kontrendikasyonları. Yılmaz M, editör. Böbrek Biyopsisi. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2023. p.14-20.
Atan A, Tuncel A. Gebelikteki üriner sistem taş hastalığının tanı ve tedavisi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal Urology 2012;3(1):5-12
Srirangam SJ, Hickerton B, Van Cleynenbreugel B. Management of urinary calculi in pregnancy: a review. J Endourol 2008;22(5): 867-75
Dong J, Zhao Y, Xu W. Case Report: retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for t2 renal cell carcinoma during pregnancy. Frontiers in oncology. 2020;10:552228. Published 2020 Oct 14. doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.552228.
Patel SJ, Reede DL, Katz DS, Subramaniam R, et al. Imaging the pregnant patient for nonobstructif conditions: algorithms and radiation dose considerations. Radiographics 2007;27(6):1705-22.
Somani BK, Dellis A, Liatsikos E, et al. Review on diagnosis and management of urolithiasis in pregnancy: an ESUT practical guide for urologists. World J Urol. 2017;35(11):1637–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-017-2037-1
Khaled H, Lahloubi NA, Rashad N. Review on renal cell carcinoma and pregnancy: A challenging situation. Journal of advanced research;7(4):575-580. doi:10.1016/j.jare.2016.03.007
Pearl JP, Price RR, Tonkin AE, et al. SAGES guidelines for the use of laparoscopy during pregnancy. Surgical endoscopy. 2017;31(10):3767-3782. doi:10.1007/s00464-017-5637-3
Juliebø-Jones P, Somani,BK, Baug S, et al. Management of kidney stone disease in pregnancy: a practical and evidence-based approach. Curr Urol Rep 23, 263–270 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-022-01112-x
Celik O, Türk H, Cakmak O, et al. Current approach for urinary system stone disease in pregnant women [published correction appears in Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2016 Mar;88(1):77.
Türk C, NeIsius A, Petrik A, et al. EAU guidelines on urolithiasis. EAU Guidelines. Edn. presented at the EAU Annual Congress Amsterdam 2020.
Eker E, Gülbiye D, Soğukpınar N. Gebelikle ilgili olmayan cerrahi; gebe hastanın bakımı. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2015;8(2):101-107.
Günaydin B. Anesthetic management for non-obstetric surgery during pregnancy. Turkish Journal of Anaesthesiology & Reanimation.2012; 40(1):1.
Mihmanlı V, Karahisar G. Gebelikte travma. SETB. 2012;46(4), 225-231.
Michos G, Dagklis T, Papanikolaou E, et al. Laparoscopy in pregnancy: A Comparative Review of National Guidelines. Cureus 15(5): e38904. doi:10.7759/cureus.38904. (May 11, 2023)
Auron M, Duran Castillo MY, Garcia OFD. Perioperative management of pregnant women undergoing nonobstetric surgery. Cleve Clin J Med. 2021;88(1):27-34. Published 2021 Jan 1. doi:10.3949/ccjm.88a.18111.
İzveren AÖ, Dal Ü. Abdominal cerrahi girişim uygulanan hastalarda görülen erken dönem sorunları ve bu sorunlara yönelik hemşirelik uygulamaları. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2011; 18(2): 36-46.
Selmi V, Sarı S, Öztekin Ü, et al. The effect of irrigation fluid used in endoscopic stone surgery on infective processes. Bozok Tıp Dergisi. 2021; 11(1): 84-89.
Yavuz M, Yasemin U. Ameliyat sonrası üriner retansiyon ve yönetimi. The New Journal of Urology 2016; 11 (1): 48-53.
Okeagu CN, Anandi P, Gennuso S, et al. Clinical management of the pregnant patient undergoing non-obstetric surgery: Review of guidelines. Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology. 2020;34(2):269-281. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2020.04.004
Kazma JM, van den Anker J, Allegaert K, et al. Anatomical and physiological alterations of pregnancy. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2020;47(4):271-285. doi:10.1007/s10928-020-09677-1
Bouyou J, Gaujoux S, Marcellin L, et al. Abdominal emergencies during pregnancy. J Visc Surg. 2015;152(6 Suppl):S105-S115. doi:10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2015.09.017
Hoshina H, Taguchi S, Suyama H, et al. Surgical resection of retinoblastoma-associated bladder leiomyosarcoma during pregnancy: a case report. BMC urology. 2023;23(1):125. Published 2023 Jul 25. doi:10.1186/s12894-023-01298-3
ACOG Committee Opinion No. 775 Summary: Nonobstetric Surgery During Pregnancy. (2019). Obstetrics and gynecology, 133(4), 844–845. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003175.
Ravindra GL, Madamangalam AS, Seetharamaiah S. Anaesthesia for non-obstetric surgery in obstetric patients. Indian journal of anaesthesia. 2018;62(9):710-716. doi:10.4103/ija.IJA_463_18.
Eke AC, Gebreyohannes RD, Fernandes MFS, et al. Physiologic changes during pregnancy and impact on small-molecule drugs, biologic (monoclonal antibody) disposition, and response. J Clin Pharmacol. 2023;63 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S34-S50. doi:10.1002/jcph.2227
Rivera ME, Mcalvany KL, Brinton TS, et al. Anesthetic exposure in the treatment of symptomatic urinary calculi in pregnant women. Urology. 2014;84:1275–8. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.07.007.
Pacheco LD, Costantine MM, Hankins, GD. Physiologic changes during pregnancy. Clinical pharmacology during pregnancy, 5-16. D.R. Mattison (Ed.), Academic Press, Clinical Pharmacology During Pregnancy. San Diego (2013), pp. 5-14.
Upadya M, Saneesh PJ. Gebelikte obstetrik olmayan cerrahide anestezi. Indian J Anaesth. 2016;(60): 234 - 241 ,10.4103/0019-5049.179445.
Shah, E.T. Banh, K. Koury, et al. Pain management in pregnancy:multimodal approaches. Pain Res Treat. 2015;2015:987483. doi:10.1155/2015/987483Pain Res Treat (2015), 10.1155/2015/987483.
Nageotte MP. Fetal heart rate monitoring. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;20(3):144-148. doi:10.1016/j.siny.2015.02.002
Crowley P. Prophylactic corticosteroids for preterm birth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD000065. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000065.pub2.
Nonobstetric surgery during pregnancy. Committee Opinion No. 474. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2011; 117: 420-421.
Treuting PM, Kowalewska J. Urinary system. In: Treuting PM, Dintzis SM, editors. Comparative Anatomy and Histology. Academic Press; 2012. p. 229–251.
Amerman E. The urinary system. In: Human Anatomy & Physiology. Chapter 24, pp. 941–976. Pearson. Available from: https://www.pearson.com/content/dam/one-dot-com/one-dot-com/us/en/higher-ed/en/products-services/course-products/amerman-1e-info/pdf/amerman-sample-chapter24.pdf
National Institutes of Health. Kidneys. In: SEER Training Modules. National Cancer Institute. Available from: https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/urinary/components/kidney.html
John A. Burns School of Medicine - Department of Anatomy. Kidney cysts. XRCore, University of Hawaii. Available from: https://xrcore.jabsom.hawaii.edu/kidney-cysts-2/
Ateş K, Seçkiner İ, Demirel HC, Şenel S, Sandıkçı F. Güncel üroloji. 3rd ed. İstanbul: Pelikan Basım Matbaa; 2022. (Türk Üroloji Akademisi Yayını, No. 25). Available from: https://www.uroturk.org.tr/urolojiData/Books/936/guncel-uroloji-3-baski.pdf
Megha R, Wehrle CJ, Kashyap S, Leslie SW. Anatomy, abdomen and pelvis: Adrenal glands (suprarenal glands). In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 [cited 2022]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482264
Shermadou ES, Rahman S, Leslie SW. Anatomy, abdomen and pelvis: Bladder. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Available from: https://europepmc.org/article/NBK/nbk531465
Mahadevan V. Anatomy of the lower urinary tract. Surgery-Oxford International Edition. 2016;34(7):318–25. doi:10.1016/j.mpsur.2016.04.001
Bazira PJ. Anatomy of the lower urinary tract. Surgery-Oxford International Edition. 2022;40(8):489–500. doi:10.1016/j.mpsur.2022.05.007
Treuting PM, Kowalewska J. Urinary system. In: Comparative Anatomy and Histology. Academic Press; 2012. p. 229–51. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-381361-9.00016-0
Rayner HC, et al. Kidney anatomy and physiology: The basis of clinical nephrology. In: Understanding Kidney Diseases. Springer; 2016. p. 1–10. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23458-8_1
Dirks J, Remuzzi G, Horton S, Schieppati A, Rizvi SAH. Diseases of the kidney and the urinary system. In: Jamison DT, et al., editors. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd ed. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2006. PMID: 21250363
Arınsoy T, Güngör Ö, Koçyiğit İ. Böbrek fizyopatolojisi. İstanbul: Reaktif; 2017. Available from: https://nefroloji.org.tr/uploads/folders/file/bobrek-fizyopatolojisi-kitabi.pdf
Topuz A, Topuz İ. Böbrek hastalıkları semptomlarının analizi. In: Sağlık Bilimlerinde Yenilikçi Çalışmalar. İzmir: Duvar Kitabevi; 2023. p. 1207–23.
Pearson Higher Education. Diseases and disorders of the urinary system. In: Human Anatomy & Physiology. Sample chapter. Available from: https://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/samplechapter/0/1/3/3/0133494934.pdf
Taylor J. Renal system 4: Causes, diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease. Nursing Times. 2023;119(5):1–6. Available from: https://emap-moon-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2023/04/230424-Renal-system-4-causes-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-chronic-kidney-disease.pdf
Kurt Yılmaz F. Üriner sistem hastalıkları. In: Anne ve Çocuk Sağlığı. İstanbul: İstanbul Medikal Sağlık ve Yayıncılık Hizmetleri Tic. Ltd. Şti.; 2020. p. 407–16.
Aggrawal M, et al. Urinary tract infection in pregnancy. Indian Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2024;14(1).
White J, Ory J, Lantz Powers AG, et al. Urological issues in pregnancy: A review for urologists. Canadian Urological Association journal. 2020;14(10):352-357. doi:10.5489/cuaj.6526.
Koçak Yücel S. Böbrek biyopsi kontrendikasyonları. Yılmaz M, editör. Böbrek Biyopsisi. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2023. p.14-20.
Atan A, Tuncel A. Gebelikteki üriner sistem taş hastalığının tanı ve tedavisi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal Urology 2012;3(1):5-12
Srirangam SJ, Hickerton B, Van Cleynenbreugel B. Management of urinary calculi in pregnancy: a review. J Endourol 2008;22(5): 867-75
Dong J, Zhao Y, Xu W. Case Report: retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for t2 renal cell carcinoma during pregnancy. Frontiers in oncology. 2020;10:552228. Published 2020 Oct 14. doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.552228.
Patel SJ, Reede DL, Katz DS, Subramaniam R, et al. Imaging the pregnant patient for nonobstructif conditions: algorithms and radiation dose considerations. Radiographics 2007;27(6):1705-22.
Somani BK, Dellis A, Liatsikos E, et al. Review on diagnosis and management of urolithiasis in pregnancy: an ESUT practical guide for urologists. World J Urol. 2017;35(11):1637–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-017-2037-1
Khaled H, Lahloubi NA, Rashad N. Review on renal cell carcinoma and pregnancy: A challenging situation. Journal of advanced research;7(4):575-580. doi:10.1016/j.jare.2016.03.007
Pearl JP, Price RR, Tonkin AE, et al. SAGES guidelines for the use of laparoscopy during pregnancy. Surgical endoscopy. 2017;31(10):3767-3782. doi:10.1007/s00464-017-5637-3
Juliebø-Jones P, Somani,BK, Baug S, et al. Management of kidney stone disease in pregnancy: a practical and evidence-based approach. Curr Urol Rep 23, 263–270 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-022-01112-x
Celik O, Türk H, Cakmak O, et al. Current approach for urinary system stone disease in pregnant women [published correction appears in Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2016 Mar;88(1):77.
Türk C, NeIsius A, Petrik A, et al. EAU guidelines on urolithiasis. EAU Guidelines. Edn. presented at the EAU Annual Congress Amsterdam 2020.
Eker E, Gülbiye D, Soğukpınar N. Gebelikle ilgili olmayan cerrahi; gebe hastanın bakımı. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2015;8(2):101-107.
Günaydin B. Anesthetic management for non-obstetric surgery during pregnancy. Turkish Journal of Anaesthesiology & Reanimation.2012; 40(1):1.
Mihmanlı V, Karahisar G. Gebelikte travma. SETB. 2012;46(4), 225-231.
Michos G, Dagklis T, Papanikolaou E, et al. Laparoscopy in pregnancy: A Comparative Review of National Guidelines. Cureus 15(5): e38904. doi:10.7759/cureus.38904. (May 11, 2023)
Auron M, Duran Castillo MY, Garcia OFD. Perioperative management of pregnant women undergoing nonobstetric surgery. Cleve Clin J Med. 2021;88(1):27-34. Published 2021 Jan 1. doi:10.3949/ccjm.88a.18111.
İzveren AÖ, Dal Ü. Abdominal cerrahi girişim uygulanan hastalarda görülen erken dönem sorunları ve bu sorunlara yönelik hemşirelik uygulamaları. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2011; 18(2): 36-46.
Selmi V, Sarı S, Öztekin Ü, et al. The effect of irrigation fluid used in endoscopic stone surgery on infective processes. Bozok Tıp Dergisi. 2021; 11(1): 84-89.
Yavuz M, Yasemin U. Ameliyat sonrası üriner retansiyon ve yönetimi. The New Journal of Urology 2016; 11 (1): 48-53.
Okeagu CN, Anandi P, Gennuso S, et al. Clinical management of the pregnant patient undergoing non-obstetric surgery: Review of guidelines. Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology. 2020;34(2):269-281. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2020.04.004
Kazma JM, van den Anker J, Allegaert K, et al. Anatomical and physiological alterations of pregnancy. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2020;47(4):271-285. doi:10.1007/s10928-020-09677-1
Bouyou J, Gaujoux S, Marcellin L, et al. Abdominal emergencies during pregnancy. J Visc Surg. 2015;152(6 Suppl):S105-S115. doi:10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2015.09.017
Hoshina H, Taguchi S, Suyama H, et al. Surgical resection of retinoblastoma-associated bladder leiomyosarcoma during pregnancy: a case report. BMC urology. 2023;23(1):125. Published 2023 Jul 25. doi:10.1186/s12894-023-01298-3
ACOG Committee Opinion No. 775 Summary: Nonobstetric Surgery During Pregnancy. (2019). Obstetrics and gynecology, 133(4), 844–845. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003175.
Ravindra GL, Madamangalam AS, Seetharamaiah S. Anaesthesia for non-obstetric surgery in obstetric patients. Indian journal of anaesthesia. 2018;62(9):710-716. doi:10.4103/ija.IJA_463_18.
Eke AC, Gebreyohannes RD, Fernandes MFS, et al. Physiologic changes during pregnancy and impact on small-molecule drugs, biologic (monoclonal antibody) disposition, and response. J Clin Pharmacol. 2023;63 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S34-S50. doi:10.1002/jcph.2227
Rivera ME, Mcalvany KL, Brinton TS, et al. Anesthetic exposure in the treatment of symptomatic urinary calculi in pregnant women. Urology. 2014;84:1275–8. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.07.007.
Pacheco LD, Costantine MM, Hankins, GD. Physiologic changes during pregnancy. Clinical pharmacology during pregnancy, 5-16. D.R. Mattison (Ed.), Academic Press, Clinical Pharmacology During Pregnancy. San Diego (2013), pp. 5-14.
Upadya M, Saneesh PJ. Gebelikte obstetrik olmayan cerrahide anestezi. Indian J Anaesth. 2016;(60): 234 - 241 ,10.4103/0019-5049.179445.
Shah, E.T. Banh, K. Koury, et al. Pain management in pregnancy:multimodal approaches. Pain Res Treat. 2015;2015:987483. doi:10.1155/2015/987483Pain Res Treat (2015), 10.1155/2015/987483.
Nageotte MP. Fetal heart rate monitoring. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;20(3):144-148. doi:10.1016/j.siny.2015.02.002
Crowley P. Prophylactic corticosteroids for preterm birth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD000065. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000065.pub2.
Nonobstetric surgery during pregnancy. Committee Opinion No. 474. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2011; 117: 420-421.
Pages
161-188
Published
February 14, 2025
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